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Ecology and the Built Environment

  1. Developed by Grazyna Pilatowicz, IIDA

  2. Course Objectives:

    1. To further student’s awareness of, and sensitivity to the important relationship between ecology and the built environment.
    2. To increase the student’s vocabulary and body of knowledge in this subject matter area.
    3. To cause the students to re-think traditional approaches to interior design methodology and introduce them to the decision-making processes regarding materials, products and methods specification for interior installation/construction, lighting & mechanical/environmental systems design, furniture, furnishings and equipment selection.
    4. To expose the students to the comprehensive, most current and advanced thinking in such topics as: energy & other resources conservation, pollution prevention, indoor air quality, providing them with the methodology to formulate and crystallize their own ideas, encourage research and critical evaluation of manufacturers information.

  3. Type of course in which project or unit is used:

    Course is currently offered in the eighth semester of interior design bachelor degree program.

  4. Prerequisite information: none

  5. Content covered in lecture or discussion:

    Every session is divided into two main segments: lecture covering new material and studio with students’ presentations of research assignments. Both segments are delivered in a manner that encourages students’ participation in discussing presented material.

    Lectures cover a broad spectrum of topics starting with awareness of interrelation between natural and built environment and role and responsibilities of interior designers. In the first part of the semester students are made aware of major problems of pollution and environmental deterioration as effects of human impacts on global environment. In this part of the course basic principles and definition of ecology are introduced. Students are provided with understanding of specific issues related to indoor environment (impact on global environment through energy consumption, use of depleted resources, indoor air pollution, etc.) At the end of this segment students are introduced to the sustainable development principles and invited to define interior design role in this process. In the second part of the semester students are provided with structure for environmentally responsible interior design methodology including life cycle analysis and embodied energy evaluation. Alternative, clean sources of energy are discussed, as well as other resources conservation and pollution prevention methods. Special attention is given to the discussion of indoor environmental quality including daylighting and indoor air quality. At the end of a semester students are introduced to specific environmental issues related to specific groups of materials and products.

    For the full descriptions of lectures content: click here


  6. Length of project or unit: 16 sessions, 2.5 hrs each

  7. Tasks or activities assigned:

    Project #1 – each student choose sone from the two provided topics:

    A. Human Impact on Ecosystems:
    An example of human interaction with environment that illustrates positive or negative impact on local or global environment.

    -or-

    B. Materials and products evaluation:
    A material or product that is marketed as environmentally friendly/responsible. Research should include: production processes, methods of construction, installation, maintenance requirements, and evaluation of the manufacturers claims, as well as analysis of impact on global and indoor environments.

    For either choice it is expected, that students prepare:
    • Synopsis of the main information including list of information sources.
    • Visual material: maps of the region effected, samples of materials, photographs, diagrams etc.

    Project #2: two students - team assignment.


    Case study:
    Research and presentation of a built architectural/interior design project that incorporates sustainable building techniques and/or use of "green materials."

    -or-

    Presentation of student’s own project that incorporates sustainable building techniques and/or use of “green materials.”

    Students will choose a built architectural/interior design project that incorporates sustainable building techniques and/or use of "green materials." Research and presentation of the project should include: name of the project, location, description of the client, name of the architect/interior designer, description of environmentally responsible features of the project i.e.: innovative elements and methods of construction, energy efficiency techniques, water conservation, use of environmentally responsible materials, etc. A presentation should describe how technologies and materials incorporated lessen impact of this building on global environment, and/or improved indoor environmental quality.

    For presentation it is expected, that students prepare:
    • Synopsis of the main information including list of information sources.
    • Visual material: photographs, floor plans, diagrams, details drawings, etc.

    For the full descriptions of assignments: click here

  8. Reading assignment(s):
    Handouts summarizing main information provided in lectures, articles from current publications (updated every semester), and suggested readings listed in bibliography.
    Examples of articles used the last time the class was delivered included, but were not limited to:

    Hugh Cook. "Solar Goes Incognito." Building Design & Construction. October 1999.

    Arnold Mann. "This Place Makes Me Sick." Time. December 1998. Pp.: 38-40.

    William McDonough and Michael Braungart. "The Next Industrial Revolution." The Atlantic Monthly. (October 1998).

    "Life Cycle Analysis Chart" and "Examples of questions to be asked when specifying materials or products" from: Grazyna Pilatowicz. Eco-Interiors, A Guide to Environmentally Conscious Interior Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.

    "Life Cycle of Common Building Materials." – Chart. Architectural Graphic Standards CD-ROM. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY. 2000.

    Alex Wilson. "Daylighting with Windows and Skylights: A Checklist for Action." The Environmental Building News. Volume 8, Number 9. September 1999. P.: 14.

    Alex Wilson. "Sprawl and Health: Are Modern Land-Use Patterns Making Us Sick?" The Environmental Building News. Volume 11, Number 4. April 2002. Pp.: 1, 10-13.

    Alex Wilson & Peter Yost. "Building-Integrated Photovoltaics: Putting Power Production Where It Belongs." The Environmental Building News. Volume 10, Number 3. March 2001. Pp.: 1, 8-14.

  9. Resources needed: computer projector and slide projector.

  10. Evaluation criteria:
    Method of Evaluation % of Final Grade
    1. Project No. 1 20%
    2. Midterm Examination 25%
    3. Project No. 2 20%
    4. Final Examination 25%
    5. Class Participation and Attendance 10%

  11. Exemplars of student outcomes: click here

  12. References or bibliography used for project:

    SUGGESTED READING
    Audubon House: Building the Environmentally Responsible, Energy-Efficient Office. National Audubon Society, Croxton Collaborative, Architects. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.

    Brown, Lester, Christopher Flavin, Hilary French. State of the World. 1998. A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 1998 or 1999 or 2000 or 2001...

    Gore, Al. Earth in balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1993.

    Guzowski, Mary. Daylighting for Sustainable Design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.

    Harte, John... [Et al.]. Toxics A to Z. A Guide to Everyday Pollution Hazards. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991.

    Leclair, Kim & David Rousseau. Environmental by Design. A Sourcebook of Environmentally Aware Material Choices. Point Roberts, WA: Hartley & Marks, Inc., 1992.

    McDonough, William, Michael Braungart. Cradle-to-Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. North Point Press, New York, 2002.

    McDonough, William, Michael Braungart. "The Next Industrial Revolution." The Atlantic Monthly. (October 1998).

    Mendler, Sandra F. and William Odell. The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.

    Pilatowicz, Grazyna. Eco-Interiors, A Guide to Environmentally Conscious Interior Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.

    Steele, James. Sustainable Architecture. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

    Wolverton, B.C. How to Grow Fresh Air. 50 Houseplants that Purify your Home or Office. New York, Penguin Books, 1997.

    PERIODICALS
    Building Design & Construction,
    Environmental Building News,
    Green @ Work,
    Interiors & Sources,
    EnvironDesign Journal,
    Perspective, Journal of the IIDA.

    "PLEASURE" & "HOPEFUL" READING
    Benyus, Janine M. Biomimicry. Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1997.

    Hertsgaard, Mark. Earth Odyssey. New York: Broadway Books, 1998.

    McKibben, Bill. Hope, Human and Wild: True Stories of Living Lightly on the Earth. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1995.

 

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